Chenée Today

  • Recipes
  • Cookbooks
  • Shop
  • About
  • Subscribe
menu icon
go to homepage
  • Recipes
  • Cookbooks
  • Shop
  • About
  • Subscribe
    • Facebook
    • Instagram
    • Pinterest
    • Twitter
    • YouTube
  • subscribe
    search icon
    Homepage link
    • Recipes
    • Cookbooks
    • Shop
    • About
    • Subscribe
    • Facebook
    • Instagram
    • Pinterest
    • Twitter
    • YouTube
  • ×
    Home » Recipes » Savory

    Boursin Pasta - Tiktok Viral Recipe

    Sep 20, 2021 by Chenée Lewis

    19.6K shares
    JUMP TO RECIPE VIDEO PIN ADD US AS A TRUSTED SITE ON GOOGLE
    shots of baked boursin pasta recipe before and after baking

    This is the Boursin pasta Tiktok told me about! Boursin cheese and tomato pasta is so easy, with a creamy Boursin pasta sauce made right in the pan!

    Boursin pasta out of the oven
    Boursin Pasta Out of the Oven

    *This post contains affiliate links — as an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. Please see my disclosure for details*.

    And if you like this Boursin pasta bake, you'll love my Lemon Shrimp Pasta with Kale, Chicken Macaroni Salad, and my Pear Puff Pastry Tart with Caramelized Onion and Blue Cheese!

    Boursin Cheese and Tomato Pasta

    I just saw this variation on the viral garlic tomato pasta trend from last year and I knew I had to try it! It's just like the feta version -- cherry tomatoes, garlic, cheese, and lots of fresh basil. But this time, instead of baked feta pasta, we're making a baked Boursin pasta recipe! This Boursin cheese pasta recipe with tomatoes and basil is a game changer!

    It's as easy as it looks -- just load your garlic & herbs Boursin cheese, fresh tomatoes, garlic, and onions in a 9x13 baking dish and bake it all until it's soft, caramelized, and full of flavor, then stir in your favorite pasta!

    You can also mix in some spinach into the creamy sauce at the end to wilt, and add fresh parsley as a garnish. It's the perfect easy meal for a busy weeknight!

    Jump to:
    • Boursin Cheese and Tomato Pasta
    • What kind of cheese is Boursin made from?
    • What is Boursin cheese made of?
    • Boursin Pasta Bake Ingredients
    • What can I substitute for Boursin cheese?
    • Does Boursin cheese melt well?
    • Where is Boursin cheese in the grocery store?
    • What’s the Best Boursin Cheese for this Recipe?
    • Boursin Cheese Pasta Recipe FAQ
    • More Savory Recipes You'll Love
    • 📖 Recipe
    • 💬 Comments

    What kind of cheese is Boursin made from?

    Boursin cheese is a type of authentic Gournay cheese that comes in a signature foil wrapper, created in 1957 by François Boursin. His fine herbs cheese spreads were based on the French dish fromage frais, wherein party guests would combine fresh cheeses with blends of herbs.

    You'll find that this sophisticated bite-sized delight tastes so amazing on its own, and even better in this Boursin cheese baked pasta! You could even swap it for the mascarpone in my Southern Baked Mac and Cheese! And if you love cheesy recipes, you'll want to check out my Cottage Cheese Alfredo!

    What is Boursin cheese made of?

    The Garlic and Fine Herbs variety of Boursin cheese spread is a cow's milk cheese made with milk, cream, garlic, salt, pepper, parsley and chives. It has a texture similar to cream cheese -- soft at room temperature, and its delicious blend of delicate garlic, along with mild chives and fragrant parsley makes it the perfect appetizer to spread on your favorite cracker or as part of a cheese board!

    ingredients for baked boursin pasta
    Boursin Pasta Bake Ingredients

    Boursin Pasta Bake Ingredients

    • cherry tomatoes - I picked up a great haul for the farmer's market and I knew I had to try them in this Boursin cheese pasta recipe! The sweetness of fresh tomatoes is the perfect complement to the Boursin cheese. You can use cherry or grape tomatoes, or even cut larger tomatoes into smaller pieces. A
    • red onion - The roasted red onion in this recipe adds a great flavor and crunch, and a sweetness that balances out the tomatoes so well. You can also add in some other fresh veggies that you enjoy like mushrooms or zucchini.
    • garlic - I love how delicious the garlic gets as it roasts in the olive oil! So good!
    • Boursin cheese - any variety of Boursin would be the perfect cheese for this recipe, including their dairy-free variety! The creamy texture melts into a sauce that tastes amazing in this pasta dish!
    • red pepper flakes - I love to add a spicy touch to my savory recipes, so we'll use a little crushed red pepper. If you prefer not to use it, you can just leave it out!
    • extra-virgin olive oil - we're using extra-virgin olive oil to roast our tomatoes and also adding a drizzle to help bring the sauce together!
    • fresh basil - once it's out of the oven, we'll toss some basil in and it adds so much flavor. I love fresh herbs to finish off pasta recipes!
    • salt & pepper - we'll season our baked Boursin pasta sauce with a little salt and cracked pepper.
    • cooked pasta - I typically cook with gluten-free chickpea pasta, so that's what I used, but you can use your favorite pasta - rotini or rigatoni work well! Just cook it in a pot of boiling water according to package directions, then drain and add it in! Be sure to reserve some of the pasta water to help your sauce reach your desired consistency.
    • parmesan cheese - it's optional, but I like to sprinkle a bit of grated parmesan to finish off this Boursin cheese pasta!
    Boursin Pasta close up
    Boursin Pasta - Oven Baked

    What can I substitute for Boursin cheese?

    If you're looking for a dairy-free alternative to Boursin to make this recipe dairy free, you're in luck! Boursin now has a dairy-free variety that's available in stores and on Amazon. Otherwise, if you can't get your hands on Boursin, you can opt for a flavored goat cheese. And try this veggie pasta sauce for another great veggie-based option!

    Does Boursin cheese melt well?

    Yes it does! It's got a slightly crumbly consistency, so it doesn't melt down completely, but it gets very soft and creamy, perfect spreading on this Boursin cheese pasta!

    boursin cheese, tomatoes, onions, and garlic in a pan
    Baked Boursin Pasta Sauce

    Where is Boursin cheese in the grocery store?

    Boursin is often located near other specialty cheese area, near the deli or bakery section. But it may also be in the dairy case with other packaged soft cheese. You can also find it online at Amazon!

    What’s the Best Boursin Cheese for this Recipe?

    I've tried this recipe with the Boursin Garlic & Fine Herbs and Cracked Black Pepper varieties of Boursin, and I prefer it the savory herbs version. But honestly, and kind of Boursin you can get your hands on would work well -- the creamy texture and delicious flavors are perfect in the Boursin Baked Pasta! I especially want to try it with the Shallot & Chive variety!

    I hope you enjoy this baked Boursin pasta TikTok made me try -- it's a great meal idea for weeknights! And also try my Baked Goat Cheese Pasta recipe, or to add a protein, check out this Texas Roadhouse Chicken! Let me know in the comments below how you liked it!

    Boursin Cheese Pasta Recipe FAQ

    How do I store my leftover pasta?

    Any leftovers will stay fresh for up to 4 days in the fridge in an airtight container.

    Is Boursin cheese good in pasta?

    It sure is! Its creamy texture and mild flavor make it the perfect complement to the pasta and tomatoes in this dish.

    Is Boursin just cream cheese?

    Boursin is a Gournay cheese, which is more soft and spreadable than cream cheese, with a lighter texture.

    More Savory Recipes You'll Love

    • Heirloom Tomato Galette with Herbs
    • Sweet Potato Patties with Chickpeas and Creamy Avocado Sauce
    • Shrimp Macaroni Salad With Cajun Spices
    • Havarti Grilled Cheese with Bacon and Caramelized Onion
    • Southern Baked Mac and Cheese

    If you try this recipe, I would love it if you could leave a star review rating and comment below! It’s so wonderful hearing your feedback! And don’t forget to share your creations with me by tagging @chenee_today on Instagram!

    📖 Recipe

    boursin cheese, tomatoes, onions, and garlic in a pan

    Boursin Pasta - TikTok Boursin Cheese and Tomato Pasta Recipe

    4.92 from 87 votes
    Print Pin Recipe Rate Recipe Save RecipeSaved!
    Baked Boursin pasta - Tiktok viral Boursin cheese and tomato pasta is so easy, with a creamy Boursin pasta sauce made right in the pan!
    Prep Time: 5 minutes minutes
    Cook Time: 35 minutes minutes
    Course: Main Course, Side Dish
    Cuisine :American, French, Italian
    Servings: 4 servings
    Calories: 360kcal
    Recipe Source: Chenée Lewis

    Equipment you may need

    • baking dish
    • 9x13 baking pan
    • wooden spoon
    • stock pot

    Ingredients

    • 1 pint (473 ml) cherry or grape tomatoes
    • 1 medium red onion - roughly chopped
    • 5-7 cloves garlic
    • ½ tsp (1 g) red pepper flakes
    • 1 package Boursin cheese - any variety - I used cracked pepper
    • 4 tablespoon (59 ml) extra virgin olive oil
    • salt and pepper - to taste
    • 8 ounces (227 g) dry pasta
    • 3-4 leaves fresh basil - torn (optional)
    Prevent your screen from going dark

    Instructions

    • Preheat oven to 425°F.
    • Spread tomatoes, onion, and garlic cloves evenly in a medium baking dish.
      1 pint cherry or grape tomatoes, 1 medium red onion, 5-7 cloves garlic
    • Unwrap Boursin cheese and place in center of dish, surrounded by other ingredients.
      1 package Boursin cheese
    • Drizzle liberally with olive oil, sprinkle with red pepper flakes, and add salt and pepper to taste.
      4 tablespoon extra virgin olive oil, salt and pepper, ½ teaspoon red pepper flakes
    • Bake in preheated oven for 30-35 minutes.
    • Meanwhile, cook pasta according to package directions, reserving ½ cup of pasta water.
      8 ounces dry pasta
    • Immediately after removing from oven, toss in basil and use a wooden spoon or spatula to stir the roasted mixture, evenly distributing cheese and olive oil over the rest of the ingredients. Add in reserved pasta water as needed to create a creamier consistency.
      3-4 leaves fresh basil
    • Stir in cooked pasta and serve immediately.
    Last Step!Click here to leave a review and a star rating! It helps spread the word and allows me to keep sharing free recipes! 🥰

    Video

    Nutrition

    Serving: 1 serving | Calories: 360 kcal | Carbohydrates: 30 g | Protein: 8 g | Fat: 15 g | Saturated Fat: 2 g | Polyunsaturated Fat: 2 g | Monounsaturated Fat: 10 g | Cholesterol: 1 mg | Sodium: 838 mg | Potassium: 461 mg | Fiber: 4 g | Sugar: 7 g | Vitamin A: 1112 IU | Vitamin C: 32 mg | Calcium: 50 mg | Iron: 3 mg
    Nutrition Disclaimer
    Did you try this recipe? Rate it below!I can't wait to see (and share) your results! Follow me on Instagram at @chenee_today and tag #cheneetoday!

    PIN this recipe for later!

    shots of baked boursin pasta recipe before and after baking
    Pin this garlic tomato pasta recipe for later!

    Last Updated on April 7, 2026 by Chenée Lewis

    More Savory

    • Spoon scooping southern baked mac and cheese.
      Southern Baked Mac and Cheese
    • Collage of brown butter recipes, brown butter desserts, brown butter cookies, and savory brown butter dishes.
      Brown Butter Recipes
    • Creamy fettuccine pasta coated in cottage cheese Alfredo sauce, garnished with fresh parsley, shown up close with the rich sauce clinging to the pasta.
      Cottage Cheese Alfredo
    • frozen sweet potatoes in air fryer
      Frozen Sweet Potato Fries in Air Fryer
    19.6K shares

    Comments

      Let Me Know What You Think! Cancel reply

      Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

      Recipe Rating




      This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.

    1. TAYLER ROSS says

      September 19, 2023 at 3:08 pm

      5 stars
      I made this pasta for dinner last night and OMG was it delicious! And so easy to make too!

      Reply
      • Chenée Lewis says

        September 19, 2023 at 8:55 pm

        Yayy! Thank you and I'm glad you liked it!

        Reply
    2. Sara Indc says

      September 15, 2023 at 8:09 pm

      3 stars
      Needs more flavor. Recommend less olive oil. It was too oily and greasy (the sauce). I also need some meat like chicken in this recipe. I was hungry after 30 minutes after I ate. Definitely needs more protein.

      Reply
      • Chenée Lewis says

        October 19, 2023 at 5:33 pm

        Feel free to add any meat you like -- this is a meatless recipe that can be easily adjusted for more protein.

        Reply
    3. Connie says

      August 26, 2023 at 11:11 am

      5 stars
      This is delicious as it is. I changed it up just a little. I added one sliced banana pepper cut into rings seeds removed. I added a half a pound of Italian sweet sausage. I just took little chunks and place them on the cookie sheet here and there a little bit of grease from the sausage adds so much flavor. If you use the banana pepper and it’s a hot one, you don’t want the red pepper flakes to next time I will add black olives as well.

      Reply
      • Chenée Lewis says

        September 27, 2023 at 11:46 pm

        What a great idea to make those additions!

        Reply
    4. Stacy Elder says

      August 20, 2023 at 12:34 pm

      5 stars
      I made this for my family last night and it was a huge hit. The tomatoes, onions, and garlic become so sweet roasted in the oven. Once mixed with the cheese added to the pasta it is amazing!! I will definitely be making this again very soon!!

      Reply
      • Chenée Lewis says

        September 27, 2023 at 11:47 pm

        So glad to hear it! Thank you so much!

        Reply
    5. Patsy Stadnyk says

      July 18, 2023 at 4:43 pm

      5 stars
      Loved, Loved it! I didn’t have Boursin cheese but substitute cream cheese with some extra seasonings and it turned out so delicious! I’m a pasta lover and this met all my expectations!

      Reply
      • Chenée Lewis says

        August 03, 2023 at 11:41 am

        I'm so happy to hear that! Great idea for the substitution!

        Reply
    6. Todd Santoro says

      May 24, 2023 at 5:58 am

      5 stars
      I love this recipe and I especially love that in the instructions you state what and how much goes into each step. I always hated having to scroll up to see how much of which ingredient. Keep that up and hopefully it will catch on.

      Reply
      • Chenée Lewis says

        May 24, 2023 at 1:45 pm

        I'm happy it's helpful! Thanks so much!

        Reply
        • Piper says

          September 24, 2023 at 4:49 pm

          5 stars
          This is fantastic and so easy. 2nd time we added sautéed mushrooms. Delish!

        • Chenée Lewis says

          October 19, 2023 at 5:31 pm

          Yum sounds delicious!

      • SJ says

        July 26, 2023 at 4:36 pm

        5 stars
        Agreed!!!

        Reply
        • Chenée Lewis says

          August 03, 2023 at 11:34 am

          Thank you so much!

      • T says

        August 31, 2023 at 7:39 pm

        Totally agreed! That made it so much easier!

        Reply
    7. ursula beckenham says

      March 27, 2023 at 1:28 pm

      5 stars
      fantastic easy and so tasty

      Reply
      • Chenée Lewis says

        March 30, 2023 at 12:52 pm

        Thank you so much!

        Reply
    8. Sandi says

      February 16, 2023 at 7:19 pm

      5 stars
      I made a couple of changes over the few times I have made this, and it is fantastic! I added some sliced Kalamata olives to the tomato mixture before cooking, and then while that was in the oven I pan-cooked a chicken breast that I had marinated in Italian salad dressing, diced it, and then added it while stirring everything together.

      Reply
    9. Sandi says

      February 16, 2023 at 7:15 pm

      5 stars
      I made a couple of changes over the few times I have made this, and it is fantastic! I added some sliced Kalamata olives to the tomato mixture before cooking, and then while that was in the oven I pan-cooked a chicken breast that I had marinated in Italian salad dressing, diced it, and then added it while stirring everything together.

      Reply
      • Chenée Lewis says

        August 03, 2023 at 11:41 am

        I love your ideas for add-ins! Yum!!

        Reply
    10. Rebafay says

      January 01, 2023 at 12:09 pm

      5 stars
      Fantastic recipe! Delicious and so easy. I used cheese tortellini for my pasta but it would be excellent with any pasta variety. Thanks for sharing this recipe!

      Reply
      • Chenée Lewis says

        January 10, 2023 at 6:17 pm

        Tortellini sounds like a yummy addition! Glad you liked it!

        Reply
    11. Diane says

      September 05, 2022 at 7:57 pm

      5 stars
      Great recipe! I left out the red pepper flakes, and used one large chopped tomato instead of cherry tomatoes, but it all worked and tasted amazing! I will make this again.

      Reply
      • Chenée Lewis says

        September 06, 2022 at 1:11 pm

        So glad it worked out for you! 🙂

        Reply
    12. Janine says

      September 05, 2022 at 7:16 pm

      5 stars
      Fantastic!!! 10 star rating! Added spicy ground chicken Italian sausage that I sauted with Swiss chard at the very end with pasta. Amazing recipe and so easy. I’d serve this at a dinner party. Delicious! Must try recipe. Served with lambrusco sparkling red wine.

      Reply
      • Chenée Lewis says

        September 06, 2022 at 1:11 pm

        Those additions sound amazing! Glad you enjoyed it!

        Reply
    13. Lisa says

      August 10, 2022 at 8:22 pm

      5 stars
      Oh my goodness, this is insanely delicious. I doubled it (2 packages of cheese and a full box of pasta) and it worked perfectly. It’s very rich in a good way so I served it with a light salad. I’m definitely making this again with all the tomatoes I’m getting from my garden. Thank you fir the recipe.

      Reply
      • Chenée Lewis says

        August 11, 2022 at 10:00 pm

        You're very welcome! I'm glad you liked it! 🙂

        Reply
    14. Leslie says

      July 20, 2022 at 8:21 pm

      5 stars
      Great recipe! The kids loved it. So easy yet seems fancy. Paired it with a simple baby kale salad. Thanks for posting this!

      Reply
      • Chenée Lewis says

        July 20, 2022 at 9:14 pm

        Sounds like a delicious dinner! Glad you all enjoyed it!

        Reply
    15. Minnie says

      November 01, 2021 at 12:59 pm

      4 stars
      Rating the vegan option: would do 3.5 stars if possible. Veganized recipes do not always work as a simple substitute, even if a similar product exists. One of the things that allows the dairy cheese to caramelize and turn creamy are the milk solids. The vegan Boursin is softer and made from potato starch and coconut oil, so it just melts into a clear puddle and skips the creamy sauce step. It’s still tasty, but it will be much oilier than a dairy-cheese dish. A better option is to add a large spoonful of the vegan Boursin to the tomatoes so the flavour infuses with the tomatoes, but then wait for the cooked tomatoes and pasta to have cooled slightly before adding in the “cheeze” to maintain the creaminess.

      Reply
      • Chenée Lewis says

        November 01, 2021 at 3:31 pm

        Thank you so much for your feedback! That does sound like a better workaround. 🙂

        Reply
      • Leanne says

        February 15, 2022 at 12:09 pm

        I've tried this recipe before but not sure which site I took it from after seeing it on tiktok several months before. I just want to comment on how nice is is that you add the measurements into the instructions so I don't have to keep scrolling up to see how much I need.. It's super helpful and I really appreciate it! It's the little things...

        Thank you
        Making this tonight

        Reply
        • Chenée Lewis says

          February 17, 2022 at 8:40 pm

          Thanks so much Leanne! I hope you enjoyed it!

        • Oma says

          September 01, 2022 at 12:22 am

          That was the very first thing I noticed when I read the recipe!! I love that! Trying the recipe right now!

        • Chenée Lewis says

          September 12, 2022 at 1:18 pm

          Hope you liked it!

    16. Natalie says

      September 27, 2021 at 5:29 am

      5 stars
      Delicious pasta recipe. I haven't tried it yet, but now I definitely will make it. It looks so creamy. I love how your recipe turned out.

      Reply
      • Chenée Lewis says

        September 27, 2021 at 3:13 pm

        Thank you! It's definitely delicious!

        Reply
    17. Mahy says

      September 27, 2021 at 5:26 am

      5 stars
      What a delightful pasta! Can't believe how easy yet delicious the recipe is!

      Reply
      • Chenée Lewis says

        September 27, 2021 at 3:14 pm

        It's the best of both worlds!

        Reply
    18. Dionne says

      September 27, 2021 at 5:19 am

      5 stars
      This recipe reminded me that I haven't had pasta in ages. So excited to give it a try!

      Reply
      • Chenée Lewis says

        September 27, 2021 at 3:14 pm

        Yes! Pasta night is always a good idea!

        Reply
    19. Maria says

      September 27, 2021 at 12:23 am

      5 stars
      I have never tried Boursin cheese before and the recipe looks easy too, I've been seen this on trend too. I should try this right now!

      Reply
      • Chenée Lewis says

        September 27, 2021 at 1:04 am

        Hope you like it! 🙂

        Reply
      • Shannon Jenkins says

        September 05, 2023 at 7:40 pm

        Was skeptical about so much cheese but this was really good. We did rigatoni pasta and yellow onion and used the garlic herb cheese so I cut down the garlic to 5 cloves. Next time I may add some sun dried tomato!

        Reply
        • Chenée Lewis says

          September 27, 2023 at 11:39 pm

          Ooh that sounds delicious!

    20. Cathleen says

      September 26, 2021 at 8:51 pm

      5 stars
      I have been seeing this viral tiktok pasta trend everywhere, so I seriously am overdue in trying it out!! Bookmarked to make this weekend. Thanks so much for sharing 🙂

      Reply
      • Chenée Lewis says

        September 26, 2021 at 8:55 pm

        You definitely should try it out!

        Reply
        • Angela Brennan says

          November 20, 2022 at 2:16 pm

          This looks amazing! Has anyone added shrimp? Could it cook in the oven with the veggies and cheese?

        • Chenée Lewis says

          November 23, 2022 at 9:05 pm

          Hi! I've never tried this recipe with shrimp, but I would cook it separately and then toss it in at the end because shrimp cooks a lot faster than the oven time for the veggies and cheese. Hope you enjoy!

    Newer Comments »

    About Chenée

    I’m Chenée (kinda rhymes with “today”) and I love all types of baking and cooking! But my favorite recipes are ones that are quick and easy, and still yield impressive results. The ones you can't help but make again and again! That's what I share here, and I hope I can make your life a little easier along the way. MORE ABOUT CHENÉE >>

    • Facebook
    • Instagram
    • Pinterest
    • YouTube
    • Twitter

    Trending Recipes

    • boursin cheese, tomatoes, onions, and garlic in a pan
      Boursin Pasta - Tiktok Viral Recipe
    • creamy espresso martini
      Creamy Espresso Martini with Baileys
    • Matilda's Chocolate Cake with a slice removed, displaying the thick layers and creamy frosting, on a backdrop of a white marble surface.
      Matilda's Chocolate Cake
    • protein mug cake topped with chocolate chips
      Protein Mug Cake

    Spring Recipes

    • drizzing icing on peach cobbler pound cake with canned peaches recipe
      Peach Cobbler Pound Cake
    • Spoon scooping southern baked mac and cheese.
      Southern Baked Mac and Cheese
    • a fork cutting into vegan olive oil cake
      Vegan Olive Oil Cake with Lemon and Pistachio
    • lemon sour cream pound cake
      Lemon Sour Cream Pound Cake
    • a slice of strawberry crunch cheesecake
      Strawberry Crunch Cheesecake
    • ricotta lemon pasta in a pot
      Ricotta Lemon Pasta

    My Cookbooks

    Cover of The Very Best of Chenée Today cookbook by Chenée Lewis.
    Sweet Summertime Cookbook - recipe book of summer desserts and summer recipes!
    Cover of Your Fall Baking Game Plan by Chenée Lewis

    Footer

    ↑ back to top

    About

    About Chenée
    Shop my Favorite Tools
    Disclosure Policy
    Privacy Policy
    Nutrition Disclaimer
    Contact

    • Facebook
    • Instagram
    • Pinterest
    • Twitter
    • YouTube

    Subscribe

    Cookbook

    See all my cookbooks here!

    As Seen In

    As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.


    Copyright © 2025 Chenée Today, LLC. All rights reserved.

    19.6K shares
    • Facebook
    • Flipboard
    • Pinterest
    • Email
    • Threads

    Rate This Recipe

    Your vote:




    Let us know what you thought of this recipe:

    This worked exactly as written, thanks!
    My family loved this!
    Thank you for sharing this recipe!
    I can't wait to make this again!
    This recipe was a big hit! Five stars!
    This is my new go-to from now on! Loved it!

    Or write in your own words:

    A rating is required
    A name is required
    An email is required